After a kernel update, you find the start-up menu populated with extra lines related to all the old kernel versions plus the current one. To manage the start-up manager and safely remove old kernels you have to manually operate on it.
First of all you have to double-check what is the current kernel version.
Open a Terminal and type:
uname -r
The result will be something similar to: 2.6.32-35-generic
Then you will go to the boot directory through the command:
cd /boot ls vmlinuz*
The next step will be to obtain more information about old kernel you have on our PC:
ls vmlinuz*
Now in the Terminal you have results similar to these:
vmlinuz-2.6.32-21-generic vmlinuz-2.6.32-25-generic vmlinuz-2.6.32-35-generic
vmlinuz-2.6.32-24-generic vmlinuz-2.6.32-26-generic
As last step you have to remove all the old version of the kernel using this command:
sudo apt-get remove linux-image-X.X.XX-XX-generic
where “x” is the obsolete kernel version you want to purge. In my specific case the proper command line I used was:
sudo apt-get remove linux-image-2.6.32-21-generic linux-image-2.6.32-24-generic linux-image-2.6.32-25-generic linux-image-2.6.32-26-generic
Last but not least go to System –> Administration –> StartUp Manager (available for installation on Synaptics or on Ubuntu Software Center) and select your OS choice in the Default Operating System menu. That’s all!
Today, in our Linux Page (in Spanish) we added a post about DeLi Linux, an interesting distribution which allows you to use your old PCs and save money. The first time we tested DeLi we sincerely did not believe to obtain so interesting results. In fact we were able to install DeLi on very old PCs and laptops (486) with at least 64MB of RAM. About the RAM, we found some screenshots on the DeLi website where it runs on laptops with just 16MB of RAM. Moreover, DeLi is very light, 251.1MB for the ISO and 750MB of hard disk when installed. This particular version of DeLi Linux, the 0.8, is very flexible and complete if we think that it contains all the main programs that a medium user can ask. When we try to install it on the PCs, we have not found particular matters: the installation was easy and enough fast. When used, DeLi is fast and stable; in few words we could affirm that DeLi represents a strong reality for all that people which are looking for a PC or laptop and do want to spend just few bucks… Recommended!!
Today, in our Linux Page (in Spanish) we have posted a review about the new version (4.2.5) of Damn Small Linux. Damn Small Linux is one of our favourite distribution due to its capability to run on very old PC as 386/486/Pentium with very few hardware resources. This version has updated some features as Monkey Webserver 0.9.2 and is incredibly stable (as the previous ones, I must say). According to distrowatch.com, in the last 12 months Damn Small Linux has been the 10th most downloaded (and consequently used) Linux version also because, with no costs, many people are converting old Windows based machines to new up-to-date computers. Anyway, Damn Small Linux is based on Knoppix but is smaller and contains many improvements. Last but not least, I would like to focus your attention on the five different subversions available:
– dsl.iso is the standard isolinux version
– slinux.iso uses syslinux instead of isolinux (for very old PC’s)
– vmx.zip can be run in VMware Player
– embedded.zip contains QUEMU for running inside Windows
– frugal_lite.sh is the network install script and requires tomsrtbt linux: http://www.toms.net/rb/.
Computer Borders 